CHEMISTRY LAB ITEM

Polarimeter (Digital / Automatic Polarimeter) • Light Source: LED with Sodium (Na) lamp, 589 nm • Measuring Range: –45° to +45° (optical rotation) • Accuracy: ±0.01° • Resolution: 0.001° • Optical Path Length: 100 mm standard tube • Temperature Control: Built-in or external (20–30°C) • Display: Digital LCD / touch screen • Calibration: Automatic with quartz control plates • Communication: USB interface (optional) • Power Supply: 220–240 V AC, 50 Hz

UV–Visible Spectrophotometer • Optical System: Double beam • Wavelength Range: 190–1100 nm • Spectral Bandwidth: 1–2 nm • Wavelength Accuracy: ±0.3 nm • Wavelength Repeatability: ±0.2 nm • Photometric Range: –0.3 to 3.5 Abs • Photometric Accuracy: ±0.002 Abs • Light Source: Deuterium (UV) + Tungsten (Visible) • Software: PC-based with kinetics, quant, spectrum, DNA/ protein analysis • Cuvettes: Quartz cuvettes (1 cm path length) • Power Supply: 220–240 V AC

Digital pH Meter • pH Range: 0–14 pH • Accuracy: ±0.01 pH • Resolution: 0.001 pH • Temperature Compensation: Automatic (ATC) with probe • Electrode: Combined glass electrode • Calibration: 2-point or 3-point automatic • Display: Large LCD • Additional Parameters (Optional): Conductivity, TDS • Power: 220 V AC / battery backup

Polarography Instrument (Electrochemical Analyzer) • Technique Support: DC Polarography, Pulse Polarography, Differential Pulse Voltammetry • Working Electrode: Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) or Dropping Mercury Electrode (DME) • Reference Electrode: Ag/AgCl • Auxiliary Electrode: Platinum wire • Potential Range: –2 V to +2 V • Potential Accuracy: ±1 mV • Current Range:Nanoampere to milliampere • Software: Computer interface for voltammogram recording • Stirrer: Magnetic stirrer built-in • Power: 220–240 V

Water & Soil Testing Instrument Set Basic laboratory kit includes For Water Testing: • pH meter (0–14, accuracy 0.01) • TDS Meter: 0–10,000 ppm • Conductivity Meter: 0–200 mS/cm • Turbidity Meter: 0–1000 NTU • COD Digestion Unit: 6/15-sample block • BOD Incubator: 20°C ±1°C • Flame Photometer: For Na, K, Ca, Li For Soil Testing: • Soil pH & EC Meter • Soil Moisture Analyzer • Kjeldahl Nitrogen Digestion & Distillation Unit • Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) • Hot Air Oven: Up to 250°C • Muffle Furnace: Up to 1000°C Balance: Analytical balance (0.1 mg accuracy

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